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Patient Knowledge and Rationality of Self\u002Dmedication in Three Pharmacies of Panyabungan City, Indonesia Image
Journal article

Patient Knowledge and Rationality of Self-medication in Three Pharmacies of Panyabungan City, Indonesia

Self-medication is a part of community effort to preserve their health. In practice, the self-medication can be a source of drug related problem because of lack of knowledge about drugs and their use. The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge and rationality of medicinal use self-medication. This study was using survey cross-sectional method. Total respondents (n=342) were involved this study of three pharmacies. Respondents were 18-60 years old and selected by consecutive sampling method. Data was collected by using a validated questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test and Fisher test using Statistical Product and Servicer Solution (SPSS) version 17. The research showed that level knowledge of patients 20.5 % were good, 41.8% were medium, and 37.7% were low. Drug use self-medication was 59.4% rational and 40.6% irrational used. Based the result of Chi-square and Fisher test, educated and jobs can influence the level of knowledge, meanwhile rationality of self-medication use was not influenced by sociodemographic factor. Based on the research results obtained that majority level knowledge of patient was good classified. Irrational drug use on self medication reached 40.6%.
Formulasi Sediaan Nano Herbal Tempuyung (Sonchus Arvensis L.) Dalam Bentuk Self Nano\u002DEmulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) Image
Journal article

Formulasi Sediaan Nano Herbal Tempuyung (Sonchus Arvensis L.) Dalam Bentuk Self Nano-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS)

Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.) merupakan tanaman asli Indonesia yang berhkasiat sebagai diuretik dan antioksidan. Untuk mendapatkan efek terapi yang optimal perlu inovasi untuk membuatnya menjadi sediaan nano herbal. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat sediaan nano herbal tempuyung dalam bentuk Self Nano-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS). Kandungan zat aktif tempuyung diekstraksi dengan etanol dan berikut diuapkan pelarutnya untuk mendapatkan ekstrak kental. Ekstrak yang diperoleh distandarisasi menurut Farmakope Herbal Indonesia. Berikutnya dibuat SNEDDS tempuyung dengan menggunakan minyak Capryol-90, surfaktan tween 20 dan ko-surfaktan PEG 400. SNEDDS yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi meliputi ukuran partikel dan zeta potensial. Dari ekstraksi diperoleh ekstrak kental sebanyak 77,52 g. Hasil ini telah memenuhi syarat jika dibandingkan dengan Farmakope Herbal yang menyebutkan perolehan rendemen ekstrak kental daun tempuyung adalah tidak kurang dari 7,5%. Formulasi tempuyung dalam bentuk sediaan SNEDDS diperoleh suatu nanoemulsi yang jernih dengan ukuran partikel 16,2 ± 1,06 nm dan nilai zeta potensial -37,48±0,74 mV. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak tempuyung menghasilkan suatu nano herbal dalam bentuk sediaan SNEDDS.
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The Relationship of Switch Therapy Toward Wound Healing, Lenght of Stay and Antibiotic Expenditure of Patients Appendicitis Image
Journal article

The Relationship of Switch Therapy Toward Wound Healing, Lenght of Stay and Antibiotic Expenditure of Patients Appendicitis

Antibiotic Switch therapy is defined by the switch of intravenous antibiotic therapy to oral form. This research aimed to learn about the relationship of switch therapy toward the value of wound healing, lenght of stay and the antibiotic expenditure. The data of this cross sectional study was collected from medical record and by direct investigation to patients for their macroscopis the wound healings value. T-test was used to compared the relationship of the patient wound healings value, lenght of stay and the antibiotic expenditure between the those with and accurate switch therapy and those without it. The result showed that there was no different of wound healing value between those groups of patients (P>0,1). On the other hand, lenght of stay and antibiotic expenditure of the patient with the accurate switch therapy was cuted on the patient with the accurate switch therapy. These indicated that accuracy of switch therapy will proceed a benefit outcome to the patient with appendicitis, especially to there lenght of stay and antibiotic expenditure as well.
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