Serat alam yang berasal dari tanaman non-kayu dikategorikan menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu serat buah, serat batang dan serat daun. Masing-masing jenis serat alam tersebut memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda. Karakter kimia, fisik, maupun dinamik dari serat alam diperlukan untuk pengembangan pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan baku industri strategis berbasis serat. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis karakteristik kimia serat buah (kapas), serat batang (abaka), dan serat daun (sisal), serta membahas peluang pemanfaatannya dalam industri berbasis serat alam. Informasi mengenai karakteristik kimia serat diperlukan sebagai dasar untuk pemanfaatan serat sebagai bahan baku dalam industri strategis. Data karakteristik kimia serat alam juga diperlukan sebagai dasar pembuatan produk-produk turunannya (diversifikasi produk) sehingga dapat menjadi nilai tambah bagi produk tanaman serat. Analisis karakter kimia serat alam dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang kandungan selulosa, hemiselulosa, holoselulosa, lignin, dan pentosan, serta kadar zat ekstraktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serat buah kapas memiliki kandungan selulosa tertinggi (98,06%), serat batang abaka mempunyai kandungan lignin tertinggi (7,63%), sedangkan serat daun sisal mempunyai kandungan hemiselulosa tertinggi (21,97%). Kadar holoselulosa ketiga jenis serat hampir sama, yaitu antara 93,3–94,7%. Kadar zat ekstraktif (kelarutan alkohol-benzena, air panas dan air dingin) ketiga jenis serat termasuk kecil (<5%) yaitu antara 0,63–4,44%. Informasi tentang karakter kimia serat alam tersebut hendaknya dipadukan dengan informasi karakter fisik dan dinamik serat untuk dikembangkan sebagai bahan baku industri strategis berbasis serat, misalnya kertas uang, biokomposit untuk industri automotif, biopolymer dan produk yang berbasis nano fiber.Chemical Characteristics of Boll, Bast, and Leaf FibersNon-wood natural fibers are categorized into three groups, viz. boll fiber, bast fiber and leaf fiber. Those natural fibers have specific characters. Chemical characters as well as physical and dynamical characters of the fibers are useful for their utilization in natural fiber based industries. This research aims are to analyse chemical characters of cotton boll fibers, bast fiber of abaca, and leaf fiber of sisal, as well as to discuss the possibility of their use in fiber based industries. The information of the fibers chemical characters is needed for developing their use as the main materials of strategic industries. The data are also useful for developing derivates products or product diversification, so that could be an added value of the natural fibers. The characterization of those fibers used Indonesian National Standard (SNI) methods to analyse the content of cellulose, hemi cellulose, holocellulose, lignin, and pentosan, as well as the extractive compounds. Result showed that cotton fiber has the highest cellulose content (98.06%), the bast fiber of abaca has the highest lignin content (7.63%), and sisal has the highest hemicellulose content (21.9%). Holocellulose content of those fibers were around 93.3-94.7%. The content of extractive compound of the fibers (in term of disolve capacity of fiber in alcohol-benzene, hot and cold water) was catogerized as very low (less than 5%). These information regarding to the chemical characters of those three fibers when are integrated with the fiber-physical and dynamical characters would be useful for developing the utilization of the fibers into natural-fiber-based industries, such as paper money, biocomposite for automotive industry, biopolymers, and nano fiber products.