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Strengthening Laboratory Capacity for Early Warning Alert and Response System (EWARS) in Indonesia

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Strengthening Laboratory Capacity for Early Warning Alert and Response System (EWARS) in Indonesia

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In Vitro Study of Eight Indonesian Natural Extracts as Antiviral Against Dengue Virus

Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) caused by a dengue viruses is still a major problem in tropical countries, including Indonesia. World Health Organization data showed that over 40% of world population are at risk of DHF.1In 2014 there were 71.668 of DHF cases in 34 provinces with 641 death.2 In Central Java in 2013, the incidence rate and fatality rate of DHF was 45.52 in 100.000 populations and 1.21% respectively.3 Until nowadays, there is no vaccine or effective therapy is available as yet.4 Thus research on discovering specific antiviral against dengue is needed. Indonesia is rich in indigenous herbal plants, which may has potential antiviral activity, such as Psidium guajava (Jambu biji), Euphorbia hirta (Patikn kerbau), Piper bettle L (Sirih), Carica papaya (Pepaya), Curcuma longa L(Kunyit/turmeric), Phyllanthus niruri L (meniran), Andrographis paniculata (Sambiloto), Cymbopogon citrates (Serai). Previous studies show that these plants have antiviral and antibacterial properties.5However, there is only limited study of these plants against dengue virus . Objective: This study aimed to know whether these plants have potential activity against dengue virus in vitro. Method: Leave extracts of eight indigenous herbal plants as mention before were originated from Solo, Central Java, the crude extracts were tested in vitro against dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) strain NGC using Huh7it-1 cell line. Those crude extracts were screened for antiviral activity using doses of 20mg/ml. Candidates that showed inhibition activity were further tested in various doses to determine IC50 and CC50. Result: From eight leave extracts tested, one of them i.e Carica papaya (pepaya) inhibited virus replication up to 89,5%. Dose dependent assay with C.papaya resulted in IC50, CC50 and selectivity index 6,57 μg/mL, 244,76 μg/mL and 37, 25 μg/mL respectively. Conclusion: C.papaya has potential antiviral activity against dengue virus in vitro. Further study is needed to confirm antiviral activity in vivo.
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Effect of Fever Duration Before Hospitalization and Hemoconcentration to Length of Stay of Dengue Patients

Backgrounds: Early identification of clinical conditions and proper treatment to dengue patients is essential to prevent the development of more severe condition. This can lead to shorter length of stay and lower cost of patient care in hospitals. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of fever duration before hospitalization and hemoconcentration to length of stay of dengue patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted by random sampling on the medical records of dengue patients hospitalized in RSPI Prof. Dr. Sulianti Saroso period January 2014-December 2015. Multivariate analyzes were performed with Cox regression. Results: There were 153 samples of dengue patient's medical record for analysis, 21.6% of them were hospitalized over 6 days. Duration of fever before hospitalization and hemoconcentration were significant to length of stay more than 6 days. Subjects with duration of fever for 3 days [aRR = 0.38; P = 0.024] and more than 3 days before hospitalization [aRR = 0.27; P = 0.000] were significant to length of stay more than 6 days. Subjects with hemoconcentration had higher risk by 1,8 times to length of stay more than 6 days [aRR = 1.84; P = 0.042]. Conclusion: Fever duration for 3 days, for more than 3 days before hospitalization, and hemoconcentration in dengue patients were significantly related to length of stay more than 6 days.
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Antibiotic Prophylaxis Compliance for Clean-contaminated Wounds in a District Hospital in Jakarta

Background: The incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) is still a problem, but its occurrence can bereduced by preventive action such as the provision of antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery. This study aimedto describe the compliance of antibiotic prophylaxis in clean-contaminated wounds.Methods: This cross-sectional study design was conducted in a district hospital in Jakarta during periodof January 1 to December 31, 2013. The data came from medical records of adult subjects who underwentsurgery with criteria clean-contaminated wound except caesareans. The standard for antibiotic based onIndonesian Ministry of Health Decree No. 2406/2011 for national antibiotics guidelines and Internationalstandard guidelines for surgical prophylaxis.Results: A total of 626 subjects were included in the study. Gynecological (49.5%) and genitourinary surgery(32.6%) were the most frequent of surgeries performed. More than 80% of the surgery were elective. Mostcommonly administered antibiotic preoperatively as well as postoperatively was ceftriaxone (49.8%),ampicillin/sulbactam (11.7%) and cefuroxime (8.3%). Overall antibiotics prophylaxis appropriatenessshowed 96.8% in surgery procedures, 21.5% in choice of antibiotic and only 2.3% in time administrationthat given 60 min before first skin incision.Conclusions: The compliance of antibiotics prophylactic for clean-contaminated wounds in a districthospital Jakarta has not been in conformity with the national guideline and International standards. (HealthScience Journal of Indonesia 2015;6:57-62)
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The Tuber Extract and Flour of Dioscorea Alatanormalize the Blood Lipid Profile of Rabbits Treated with High Cholesterol Diets

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Parity and Risk of Low Birth Weight Infant in Full Term Pregnancy

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Eating Sweet Foods Habit and Other Factors That Related to Obesity on Civil Pilot in Indonesia

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Eating Habit and Other Factors Related to Anemia in Civil Female Flight Attendant in Indonesia

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