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Asas\u002Dasas Umum Kebijaksanaan Lingkungan dalam Undang\u002Dundang No. 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (Uupplh) Image
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Asas-asas Umum Kebijaksanaan Lingkungan dalam Undang-undang No. 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (Uupplh)

The function of environmental law in action to protect the environment is to place environmental policy in environmental legislation. In order to make environmental legislation effective ini action based on general principles of environmental policy, they are abatement at the source, best practicable means/best technical means, polluter pays principle, stand still principle, Principle oj regional differentiation and shifting of burden of proojlhet beginsel van de omkering van de bewijslast.
Kedudukan Pelaku Usaha dan Konsumen dalam Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen (Produk Mi Soun Mengandung Klorin) Image
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Kedudukan Pelaku Usaha dan Konsumen dalam Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen (Produk Mi Soun Mengandung Klorin)

Food is one of the primary needs of humans. In terms of producing food, it cannot be completely separated from the use of Food Additives. Article 1 paragraph (1) of Law Number 33 Year 2012 concerning Food Additives determine Food Additives are ingredients added to food to affect the nature or form of food. This indicates that  Food Additives may affect the quality of the product. In practice, not all Food Additives are used by sellers safe for consumers' health. In fact, Article 4 letter a of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Law determines that consumers have the right to conveniences, security and safety in consuming goods and/or services. This is also in line with the seller's obligations that specified in Article 7 of the Consumer Law. A several cases of chlorine additives on mi soun at Klaten, Jember, and Jambi show a lack of awareness of sellers and consumers in recognizing which food additives are harmful for health. Consumer law as a progressive law strives to be a legal means that establish consumer awareness and sellers awareness in order to realize their rights and obligations. Progressive consumer law also indicates a balance between sellers and consumers in harmonizing the principles of caveat venditor and caveat emptor.
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Formulasi Pengaturan Tahapan PRA Kontrak dalam Proses Pembentukan Kontrak di Indonesia Image
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Formulasi Pengaturan Tahapan PRA Kontrak dalam Proses Pembentukan Kontrak di Indonesia

The increasement of human needs in society goes hand in hand with the development of technology. To meet these needs, there must be interaction between people which sometimes has the potential to cause disputes. That's why a contract is needed. The existence of a contract guarantees legal certainty regarding protection of the rights of the parties and also the obligations that they must fulfill. There are several stages of contract formation which consist of pre-contract and agreement between the parties. According to the system in the Book III of Indonesia's Code of Civil Law, consensus is the base for the formation of contract that means once the agreement has reached between the parties then a contract is formed. Indonesia's Code of Civil Law doesn't yet regulate pre-contract stages of contract formation, even though these stages are equally important. The regulation of pre-contract stages are usually set in the common law system, but along with the times, the regulation of pre-contract stages should also be regulated in the civil law system. As a comparison, Het Nieuw Burgerlijke Wetboek (New Civil Code of Netherlands) has already regulated that pre-contract stages, although the Netherlands is a country that implements civil law system. The pre-contract stages are very important to be regulated in Indonesia because there are many potential pre-contractual issues. This paper aims to formulate the outline of what needs to be regulated in the pre-contract regulations. Keywords : Interaction, Contract, Formation, Civil Code  
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