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Path to Peace: Contending Discourses on Communal Violence and Conflict in the Post\u002DNew Order Indonesia Image
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Path to Peace: Contending Discourses on Communal Violence and Conflict in the Post-New Order Indonesia

This paper discusses actual discourses that have shaped the ways in which violent communal conflicts have been understood, and how different practices of interventions have been applied to address the conflicts in the post-New Order Indonesia. The discourses have their own perspectives, practical interventions, and agencies. Against the backdrop of the competing discourses, this paper argues for more attention being paid to local ways of resolving communal conflict despite the accompanying debates on their effectiveness and efficiency.
Conflict Studies in Indonesia: a Preliminary Survey of Indonesian Publications Image
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Conflict Studies in Indonesia: a Preliminary Survey of Indonesian Publications

Studies on conflict in Indonesia have reached an unprecedented stage in terms of the proliferation of publications, both in print and online. There are two interrelated reasons for this new and significant development.
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Pakistan: Civil\u002DMilitary Relations in a Post\u002DColonial State Image
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Pakistan: Civil-Military Relations in a Post-Colonial State

This article has attempted to explain why the military has remained a powerful political institution/force in Pakistan. Its purpose was to test a hypothesis that posited that the colonial authority structure and the 1947 partition-oriented structural dynamics provided an important structural construct in explaining politics and the military in post-colonial Pakistan. To explain and analyse the problem, the study used books, journals, newspapers and government documents for quantitative/ explanatory analysis. The analysis has focused on the military in the colonial authority structure in which the former, along with the civil bureaucracy and the landed-feudal class, formed an alliance to pursue politico-economic interests in British India. The article has also explained and analysed the partitionoriented structural dynamics in terms of territory (Kashmir) and population (Indian refugees). The findings proved that these ‘structural dynamics' have affected politics and the military in Pakistan. The theoretical framework in terms of ‘praetorian oligarchy' has been applied to structurally explain colonial politics as well as politics and the military in Pakistan. The study treated Pakistan as a praetorian state which structurally inherited the pre-partition ‘praetorian oligarchy'. This praetorian oligarchy constructed ‘Hindu India' as the enemy to pursue politico-economic interests. The military, a part of praetorian oligarchy, emerged from this as a powerful political actor due to its coercive power. It has sought political power to pursue economic objectives independently.
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Reorienting the Study of Citizenship in Sri Lanka Image
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Reorienting the Study of Citizenship in Sri Lanka

Knowledge production on the concept of ‘citizenship' in Sri Lanka has suffered firstly from the anglophilia of most research in the social sciences undertaken in the postcolonial period. Unlike in the French republican tradition where the ‘citoyen' and its relation to the state is at the center of all political thought, British political thought gives precedence to the individual and his/her rights per se. Historical circumstances too, namely the Tamil insurrection in the North and East of the country further oriented scholars towards research directly related to what became known as the ‘national issue', the ‘ethnic issue' or simply the conflict. In many ways the intrusion of the ‘here and the now' compounded by sponsored research in the new fi eld of confl ict resolution determined the course and the frames of intellectual inquiry in Sri Lanka as well as its gaps and shortfalls from the late 1970s. This was simply not the right time for studies on citizenship to flourish.
Sri Lanka: State of Research on Democracy Image
Journal article

Sri Lanka: State of Research on Democracy

In Sri Lanka's political science research, the body of work directly on the theme of democracy is somewhat thin. The survey and studies on the ‘State of Democracy and Human Security”, carried out by the Social Scientists' Association (SSA) in 2004-2005 is the main research effort made directly in the field of democracy studies. This was a part of a larger South Asian study. The report on the State of Democracy in South Asia is now published by the Oxford University Press, India. Nevertheless, in the wide body of scholarly literature on political and social change in the postcolonial Sri Lanka written by political scientists, historians, sociologists and anthropologists, themes with direct relevance to democracy studies have constituted a subject of continuing interest.
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A Decade of Reformasi: Unsteady Democratisation

A Decade of Reformasi: Unsteady Democratisation Image
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Introducing the Power, Conflict and Democracy Programme

Introducing the Power, Conflict and Democracy Programme Image
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State of Democracy in Sri Lanka: a Preliminary Report

State of Democracy in Sri Lanka: a Preliminary Report Image