This article examines the role of first language (L1) and translation in EFL learning, paying attention to research findings on the issue. This article reviews literature with a focus on L1 and translation in EFL learning as a tool to help learners improve their English skills and master other English linguistic aspects. The author highlights various works that discuss the importance and roles of L1 and translation in EFL learning. Both L1 and translation are believed and proved to be still in existence and in use in EFL learning in many parts of the world, where English is still a foreign language, today.