This study aims to determine the effect of problem-based learning models on learning outcomes and their improvement. The quantum physics material studied includes five sub-subjects, namely: Schrodinger's Equation, Physical Operators, Commutators, Heisenberg's Equation of Motion, and Harmonic Oscillator. This type of research is an experimental research design with pretest and posttest group design. The population in this study were all physics education students for the 2018/2019 academic year. The sample was taken using total sampling technique with the VIA semester students as the experimental class and the VIB semester students as the control class. The research hypothesis was tested using the t-test with pretest and posttest and the improvement of learning outcomes was tested using the N-gain equation. Based on the results of hypothesis testing for the learning outcomes of quantum physics, the tcount (1.91) > ttable (1.68 ) is obtained at the 5% significance level, so it can be concluded that there was an effect of applying problem-based learning models on learning outcomes of quantum physics for prospective teacher students. Furthermore, the increase in learning outcomes of quantum physics can be seen from the highest N-gain score in the experimental class in the commutator and harmonic oscillator sub-material by 72%, while the highest N-gain score for the control class is in the harmonic oscillator sub-material by 60%.