The modern views of scientists on the organization of independent work of students under the conditions of the interactive learning environment, implementation of the subject-subjective, environmental and competence approaches are considered in the article. The experience of scientists in the issue of studying the environment influence on the effectiveness of an educational process subject development is generalized. The directions of development and further researches in the issue of increasing effectiveness of the students' self-training under the conditions of the interactive educational environment of higher military educational institutions are determined. The main problem issues in the process of the interactive learning environment implementation in a higher military educational institution are analyzed.